Breaking Relationships Why Do Marriages Fail

Abductive Reasoning ... For example, the lawn is wet. But if it rained last night, then it would be unsurprising that the lawn is wet...

Psychology ... Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships... Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables...

Education ... A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At the global level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13...

Economics ... A focus of the subject is how economic agents behave or interact and how economies work. Consistent with this, a primary textbook distinction is between microeconomics and macroeconomics...

Creativity ... Scholarly interest in creativity ranges widely: Topics to which it is relevant include the relationship between creativity and general intelligence; the mental and neurological processes associated with creative activity; the relationship between personality type and creative ability; the relationship between creativity and mental health; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology; and the application of an individual's existing creative resources to improve the effectiveness of learning processes and of the teaching processes tailored to them. Creativity and creative acts are therefore studied across several disciplines - psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy (particularly philosophy of science), technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, and economics...

History Of Science ... According to Kuhn each new paradigm re-writes the history of its science to present by selection and distortions the former paradigm as its forerunner. The description of the history of economic theory below is a good example...

Biology ... Although biology in its modern form is a relatively recent development, sciences related to and included within it have been studied since ancient times. Natural philosophy was studied as early as the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, and China...

Botany ... Plants are essential as food and for all people and also as recreation for people who enjoy gardening, horticulture, and culinary arts. History Early botany The history of botany begins with ancient writings on, and classifications of, plants...

Relationship Education ... The motivation for relationship education was found in numerous studied observations of the elevated rates of marital and family breakdown, school drop-outs, incarceration, drug addiction, unemployment, suicide, homicide, domestic abuse and other negative social factors when divorce and/or out-of-wedlock pregnancy were noted. In all of the negative categories noted above, statistical over-representation of adults whose childhood did not involve both of their parents was present...

Religion In Ancient Rome ... Romans could offer cult to any deity or combination of deities, as long as it did not offend the mos maiorum, the "custom of the ancestors," that is, Roman tradition. Good relations between mortals and the divine (pax deorum) were maintained by piety through the correct offering of ritual and divine honours, especially in the form of sacrifice...

Social Science ... Chemistry Acid-base reaction theories · Alchemy Analytical chemistry · Astrochemistry Biochemistry · Crystallography Environmental chemistry · Food science Geochemistry · Green chemistry Inorganic chemistry · Materials science Molecular physics · Nuclear chemistry Organic chemistry · Photochemistry Physical chemistry · Radiochemistry Solid-state chemistry · Stereochemistry Supramolecular chemistry Surface science · Theoretical chemistry Astronomy Astrophysics · Cosmology Galactic astronomy · Planetary geology Planetary science · Stellar astronomy. ...

Ancient Egyptian Religion ... The details of religious belief changed over time as the importance of particular gods rose and declined, and their intricate relationships shifted...

Emergency Management ... Catastrophes are distinct from disasters in that: Most or all of the community built structure is heavily impacted; Local officials are unable to undertake their usual work roles; Most, if not all, of the everyday community functions are sharply and simultaneously interrupted, and; Help from nearby communities cannot be provided. Assets are categorized as either living things, non-living things, cultural or economic...

Systems Theory ... In this context the word systems is used to refer specifically to self-regulating systems, i.e. that are self-correcting through feedback...

Theory Of The Firm ... The need for a revised theory of the firm was emphasized by empirical studies by Berle and Means, who made it clear that ownership of a typical American corporation is spread over a wide number of shareholders, leaving control in the hands of managers who own very little equity themselves. Hall and Hitch found that executives made decisions by rule of thumb rather than in the marginalist way...

Time In Physics ... Markers of time Before there were clocks, time was measured by those physical processes which were understandable to each epoch of civilization: the first appearance (see: heliacal rising) of Sirius to mark the flooding of the Nile each year the periodic succession of night and day, one after the other, in seemingly eternal succession the position on the horizon of the first appearance of the sun at dawn the position of the sun in the sky the marking of the moment of noontime during the day the length of the shadow cast by a gnomon Eventually, it became possible to characterize the passage of time with instrumentation, using operational definitions. Simultaneously, our conception of time has evolved, as shown below...

Mathematics ... Through the use of abstraction and logical reasoning, mathematics developed from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects. Practical mathematics has been a human activity for as far back as written records exist...

Occam's Razor ... Bertrand Russell offers a particular version of Occam's Razor: "Whenever possible, substitute constructions out of known entities for inferences to unknown entities." Occam's razor is attributed to the 14th-century English logician, theologian and Franciscan friar Father William of Ockham (d'Okham), although the principle was known earlier. Ptolemy stated "We consider it a good principle to explain the phenomena by the simplest hypothesis possible", while phrases such as "It is vain to do with more what can be done with fewer" and "A plurality is not to be posited without necessity" were commonplace in 13th century Scholastic writing...